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Interactive Explainer

Linux Containers: namespaces & cgroups

The Linux kernel primitives behind containers: namespaces (isolation) and cgroups (resource limits).

🎯Key Takeaways
namespaces = isolation (what a container can see)
cgroups = resource limits (what a container can use)
No hypervisor: containers share the host kernel

Linux Containers: namespaces & cgroups

The Linux kernel primitives behind containers: namespaces (isolation) and cgroups (resource limits).

~1 min read
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What you'll learn
  • namespaces = isolation (what a container can see)
  • cgroups = resource limits (what a container can use)
  • No hypervisor: containers share the host kernel

Linux Primitives

Containers are not a kernel feature — they are a combination of Linux primitives: namespaces (isolate PID, network, mount, UTS, IPC, user), cgroups (limit CPU, memory, I/O), and union filesystems (overlayfs layers). Docker and containerd combine these into a usable API. No hypervisor needed: containers share the host kernel.

Key takeaways

  • namespaces = isolation (what a container can see)
  • cgroups = resource limits (what a container can use)
  • No hypervisor: containers share the host kernel

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